Integrated waste recycling framework for municipal solid waste generated (MSWG) in Bauchi Metropolis, Nigeria

An audit survey of quantities and compositions of municipal solid waste generated (MSWG) is important to plan an effective waste management in any locality. Resource recycling of solid waste materials is more preferable than waste disposal in landfills, which is the last choice consideration. In Bauchi metropolis, the resource recycling possibilities from MSWG are rarely explored as evident in the observed mixed waste disposed-off in the final dump sites in the study area. In Bauchi as in most Nigerian cities mixed waste is disposed without segregation into open dump sites as a typical method for waste management. This study has investigated the MSWG in Bauchi metropolis and explored the possibilities of integrated waste recycling (IWR) due mainly to lack of waste characterisation studies. An IWR system combines recycling with composting methods as a strategy to achieve optimum recovery of inorganic and organic wastes respectively from the MSWG. This study is a quantitative analysis of MSWG in the three residential zones within Bauchi metropolis. Stratified random method was used to select 400 household units as sample size for data collection and 368 of the screened data was found valid for detail analysis. The result revealed waste composition that supported IWR method and can recover up to 76.55% of MSWG in Bauchi the study area. This study concludes that IWR possibilities are large from the compositions of MSWG in Bauchi metropolis. Therefore, IWR framework is proposed to implement these possibilities as a prelude to effective management for MSWG in Bauchi metropolis, Nigeria

Resource potentials of composting the organic wastes stream from municipal solid wastes compositions arising in Nigerian cities

The paper presented an assessment of the resource potentials of composting organic waste mate-rials arising from the municipal solid waste stream from cities in Nigeria. Through a review of quantitative data, the composition of municipal solid waste arising within cities in Nigeria was examined in order to identify the potentials for composting organic materials from the waste stream composition. The data showed that the average majority of the waste stream was organic materials which implied high potentials for composting organic waste materials from Nigerian ci-ties. The review also identified further potentials for composting was associated with the large population and the majority of them engaged in agriculture, as a high potential market for com-post manure in Nigeria. There were more potentials derivable from the current policies of im-porting and supplying chemical fertilizer with huge subsidies for domestic agriculture in the country. The need to substitute these policies of chemical fertilizer with the use of compost ma-nure implied high potentials for composting in the country. The paper also identified numerous benefits of composting in general and with particular reference to the Nigerian situation which in-cludes, among others a reduction of the vast quantity of solid waste for final disposal, reducing air pollution and ground water leachate and also employment generation and increased income. Therefore, the paper recommended a deliberate government policy to promote composting of or-ganic solid wastes material and marketing of compost manure to substitute the current policies of importing chemical fertilizer with subsidy for domestic agriculture as a strategy to achieve sus-tainable waste management in Nigeria

Confirmatory factoral validity of public housing satisfaction constructs

Validation of housing satisfaction constructs using different perspectives is necessary with increasing relevance of Modelling in post occupancy evaluation (POE). This paper used building components theory to identify tangible and intangible building features and assess the factorial validity of the constructs, with the intention to create substantial and reliable measurement models which can efficiently measure occupants’ satisfaction constructs in public housing evaluation. A total of 300 questionnaires were administered in Gombe metropolis, Nigeria. Some 246 were collected, and 212 were used for final analysis after data screening. Tangible and intangible building satisfaction constructs were produced as independent latent constructs while building component satisfaction as the dependent latent construct. The validity of the constructs was confirmed by AMOS software. Results demonstrated the factorability of occupants’ satisfaction using building components, tangible and intangible features, and provided a standard for a holistic understanding of building satisfaction components. Hence, this supports the use of building component theory in POE studies. Future studies can identify the relationship between dependent and independent building satisfaction construct. Findings are useful for performance evaluation in public housing studies, Users’ satisfaction analyses and formulation of policies to achieve public housing satisfaction

Exploring the resource recovery potentials of municipal solid waste: a review of solid wastes composting in developing countries

Population explosion, high urbanization and improved living standards have induced rapid changes in quantities and materiacompositions of solid waste generation globally. Until recently solid waste disposal in landfills and open dump sites waconsidered more economical and it is the most widely used methods in developing countries. Hence the potentials in the othealternative methods such as the resource recovery and recycling and their integration into waste management have been scarcelassessed. However, the ever growing challenges posed by the rapidly increasing quantities and compositions of solid wastes ideveloping countries led to the searching for alternative waste disposal methods. In this regard the paper presented an assessmenof the resource potentials of municipal solid waste materials arising from cities in developing countries as a strategy fosustainable solid waste management. Using published data on solid waste composition the paper has identified that there is higpotentials of composting in the solid waste stream from cities in developing countries. In conclusion, it recommended the recoverof organic waste material and papers for composting and the recycling of plastic, metals, textiles and others to explore their resource recovery potentials. This will largely reduce the ultimate quantities of solid waste for disposal and lower the operatincosts. This strategy will achieve sustainable waste management in developing countries. It is hoped that the paper has provided useful guide for wastes management policy decisions in developing countries

The factors influencing municipal solid waste generation in bauchi town, Nigeria

This study investigated the factors influencing municipal solid waste generation (MSWG) in Bauchi town, the administrative headquarters of Bauchi state, Nigeria. The study used quantitative method, while experiments and questionnaire surveys, were used as the major instruments for data collection. Data on solid waste generation and the socioeconomic attributes of residents from 400 households were collected from residential zones within Bauchi town, the study area. Descriptive statistics, Correlations and Standard Multiple Regressions (SMR) were computed for data analysis using SPSS 2.2 software. Twelve (12) socioeconomic factors were computed in SMR to determine the significant factors of MSWG in the study. The results showed that five factors, namely: household size, income, education, house head age and occupation have exerted significant influence on MSWG in the study area. The results also showed that F (5:362) = 84.058 at p ≤ 0.01 and adjusted R² = 0.531; which indicated that the factors in the SMR model have sufficiently explained the variance in MSWG in Bauchi town. The study concluded that the five significant predictor factors have adequately explained the variance of MSWG in the study area. Therefore, the factors have implications for planning of effective waste management system in Bauchi town, Nigeria

Stream Ordering As a Tool For Effective River Basin Development: Examples From Komadugu –Yobe River Basin, Nigeria

This study assessed the existing structure/delineation of the areas of coverage of the River Basin Development Authorities (RBDAs) in Nigeria using RBDAs sharing the largest inland drainage system, Komadugu – Yobe River System, covering Hadeja Jama’are River Basin Development Authority and Chad Basin Development Authority. The main aim is to identify structural defects if any, and show the resulting operational challenges that the defects posed to development of the Komadu – Yobe Basin area. Stream Ordering method was used as a theoretical framework to assess the delineation of the areas of jurisdiction of the RBDAs. Data was obtained from downloaded satellite images of the Basin Areas, using ArcGIS version 10.0 and Erdas Imagine 9.2 software, as well as information from topographic and hydrological maps of the study area. The analyses showed that the delineation of the RBDAs in Nigeria was neither based on the hydrological regions of the country nor on the basis of the principles of stream ordering for integrated development in River Basin Areas. Secondary data were also used to gather information on the impact of RBDAs operations on the River Basin Areas. The results further revealed many operational challenges such as poor coordination in water resource utilization, water loss, loss in production, loss of local dry season shadoof farming opportunities and worsening conditions of living of farmers at project sites and fishermen in downstream areas. It is established that application of stream ordering in a nested hierarchy of sizes as demonstrated on the Komadugu – Yobe river system covering the basin areas of rivers Hadeija, Chalawa and jama’are serves as guide for overcoming the structural/operational challenges and improve the RBDAs performance in realizing their set objectives. It is recommended that the existing 12 RBDAs structure be collapsed into the 8 Hydrological Zones in the country, and project implementation takes into account the principles of stream ordering for effective performance. Key Words: River Basin, River Basin Development, Stream Ordering, River Komadugu-Yobe Basin, operational challenges